Mud Fever (Pastern Dermatitis)
Mud fever is a bacterial skin infection of the lower legs caused by prolonged wet, muddy conditions. The skin softens, cracks, and lets opportunistic bacteria (Dermatophilus congolensis) take hold, producing painful scabs.
Symptoms to watch for
Scabs and crusts on the back of the pastern and heel
Matted hair, often pulling out with the scabs
Swelling of the lower leg in severe cases
Heat and tenderness on touch
Reluctance to bend the fetlock or move freely
Possible lameness in advanced cases
Common causes
- Prolonged exposure to wet mud or bedding
- Compromised skin barrier from constant moisture
- White-haired legs are more susceptible (less pigment in skin)
- Heavy feathering that traps moisture
- Poor stable hygiene
Prevention
- Provide dry standing areas — woodchips at gates and feeding spots
- Rotate paddocks to avoid creating mud holes
- Clip feathered legs in winter for breeds prone to mud fever
- Apply a barrier cream (zinc oxide or pig oil) before turnout
- Towel-dry legs thoroughly after wet work
- Avoid excessive washing — dry brushing is preferable
- Disinfect stable bedding regularly
What to do
- 1
Bring the horse onto dry standing immediately.
- 2
Gently soften scabs with warm water and a mild antibacterial wash (chlorhexidine).
- 3
Carefully lift scabs once softened — never pick at dry scabs.
- 4
Pat dry thoroughly with clean towels.
- 5
Apply prescribed antibacterial ointment twice daily.
- 6
Bandage with sterile dressings if open lesions are present.
- 7
Repeat daily until skin is fully healed (typically 7–14 days).
Pick up the phone if…
Call the vet if the leg is swollen, hot, the horse is lame, or the condition has not improved after 5–7 days of careful home treatment. Severe cases need systemic antibiotics.
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