Dressage
Dressage is the highest expression of horse training — a methodical, harmonious development of the horse's natural athletic ability through progressive exercises performed in a 20×60m arena.
History
Originating in classical military horsemanship from ancient Greece (Xenophon, ~400 BC), dressage was refined by Renaissance riding masters at the Spanish Riding School of Vienna and codified by the French and German cavalry schools. It became an Olympic discipline in 1912 and is the foundation of all modern equestrian sport.
Training focus
- Rhythm, suppleness, and contact (the first three steps of the training scale)
- Impulsion and straightness through gymnastic exercises
- Collection and engagement of the hindquarters
- Lateral movements: leg-yield, shoulder-in, half-pass
- Flying changes and pirouettes at advanced levels
- Rider position, seat, and invisible aids
Common breeds
Gear you'll need
- Dressage saddle with deep seat and long flap
- Snaffle bridle (lower levels) or double bridle (Prix St Georges and above)
- White or pale breeches and shadbelly coat for competition
- Tall black dress boots
- Dressage whip (max 120cm)
- Helmet (now mandatory at all levels in most federations)
Competition format
Riders perform a set test of movements scored by judges from 0–10 on each movement, plus collective marks for paces, impulsion, submission, and rider. Levels range from Introductory through Grand Prix. The Olympic test is the Grand Prix Special and Freestyle to music.
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