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Driving (Carriage Driving)

Driving is the discipline of horses harnessed to a carriage — from elegant private driving to combined driving's marathon obstacle course at full gallop. Singles, pairs, tandems, and four-in-hands all compete.

History

Carriage driving was the primary form of horse use through the 19th century. After the automobile replaced it for transport, it survived as a sport. Combined driving — modelled on three-day eventing — was created by Prince Philip in the 1970s and became an FEI discipline.

Training focus

  • Long-reining and ground driving foundations
  • Quiet acceptance of harness, blinkers, and shafts
  • Voice commands (walk on, trot on, whoa, gee, haw)
  • Precision driving through cones and obstacles
  • Marathon fitness for combined driving
  • Pair, tandem, and four-in-hand coordination

Common breeds

Gear you'll need

  • Driving harness fitted to the horse and carriage type
  • Carriage: gig, marathon vehicle, or presentation carriage
  • Driving whip with thong
  • Driving apron, gloves, hat (often a bowler or top hat for competition)
  • Spares kit: rein splice, hame strap, knife
  • Groom or navigator on the marathon

Competition format

Combined driving has three phases: dressage (precision in an arena), marathon (8 obstacle hazards across 5 km of cross-country), and cones (30 numbered cone gates with tennis balls on top — knockdowns add penalties). Pleasure driving is judged on turnout, manners, and pace.

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